Summer Time and Diabetes

How does the heat affect diabetes? Answered by our diabetes educator.

By Susan B. Sloane, BS, RPh, CDE

Summertime is finally here! We all look forward to a vacation, the beach, and the sun.  It is important, however, to understand how to be safe as the weather heats up.  Staying safe while enjoying the sun is especially critical to people with diabetes who are oftentimes on multiple medications and are also more prone to dehydration than people without diabetes.  High blood sugars can result from the stress of high temperatures.  In the presence of extreme heat your body releases more stress hormones such as adrenalin and cortisol. (1) These hormones contribute to high blood sugars.

Here are some tips to help you have the best summer ever:

1.   Apply sunscreen correctly. Choose a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 that is labeled as having broad coverage for UVA and UVB rays.  You need to apply sunscreen every two hours if you are in engaging outdoor activities.

2.  Stay well hydrated.  Drink plenty of clear fluids and keep drinks that contain electrolytes handy in case your blood sugar gets low and you feel very tired.  You generally need 8-10 glasses of water daily at a minimum.  Check with your own healthcare team to see what is right for you.

3.  Avoid staying out in direct sunlight during peak hours (from 12pm-3pm).

4.  Understand that the hot weather can alter blood sugars and be prepared.  You may want to test blood sugars more frequently during the summer when you spend a lot of time outdoors.

5. Exercise outdoors safely by not allowing yourself to get overheated.  Hydration is very important as is the proper clothing; wearing cotton fabric will help.  Make sure you protect your feet by not going barefoot and wear socks with sneakers.  

6. Understand that certain medications can make temperature extremes more dangerous. Prescription drugs that can have more side effects in the very hot weather include anticholinergics, beta-blockers, vasoconstrictors, diuretics, amphetamine products and thyroid medications.  You should refer to your pharmacist or healthcare provider for more specific directions as to how to avoid any potential side effects.

7. Know the symptoms of heat stroke and get inside to cooler temperatures if you feel you may be experiencing heat-related illness.  Some symptoms that may signal heat stroke are headache, muscle weakness, nausea, and heart palpitations.  You may need immediate medical attention if these symptoms do not go away with rest and hydration. (2)

Have fun in the summer sun, and stay safe!  Remember that more frequent blood glucose testing may be necessary to stay in good control!